Style In Written English

Question Tags 

(Pertanyaan Tegas) adalah suatu pertanyaan  pendek di akhir kalimat pernyataan yang berfungsi untuk mempertegas pernyataan yang bersangkutan.

Contoh :

·      He is a doctor, isn’t he?

·      You are not happy, are you?

·      Mary isn’t here, is she? 

Sumber : http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/pengertian-fungsi-contoh-question-tag.html

Participal Adjective 

adalah adjective (kata sifat) yang berbentuk V+ing  (Present Participle) dan V+ed (Past Participle).

Contoh :

·      Joy is tired because she had a tiring day.

·      The direction to the hotel was confusing. The driver was confused.

·      So much work was overwhelming. The staff are overwhelmed.

Sumber : http://englishtips4u.com/2011/11/16/engclass-participial-adjectives/

Redundancy 

adalah kata-kata yang tidak perlu dalam sebuah kalimat. Redundancy adalah pengulangan ide yang tidak perlu.

1. Penggunaan kata atau frase yang tidak perlu.

Redundant : The room was red in colour.

Benar : The room was red

2. Pengulangan noun atau pronoun yang tidak perlu.

Redundant :.Thelma she ran into her room and slammed the door.

Benar : Thelma ran into her room and slammed the door.

3. Penggunaan frase yang terlalu boros yang sebenarnya ada adverb yang bisa digunakan.

Wordy : He looked at me in a threatening manner.

Padat   : He looked at me threateningly.

Sumber : Fanani, Achmad. ,2009. Tips-tips terbaik lolos TOEFL, Jogjakarta: Mitra Pelajar.

Sequence Of Tenses

1. Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara berurutan langsung, maka tenses yang dipakai adalahsimple past dan simple past.

Ciri-ciri : tidak ada jeda waktu dan biasanya ada sebab akibat

Contoh :

·      after he closed the door, he went to bed

·      After she arrived, the bus left

Conjunction : after, before, when, as soon as

2.  Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara berurutan tidak langsung, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past perfect dan simple past.

Ciri-ciri : kejadian mana yang pertama dalam kalimat itu menggunakan past perfect,dan     kejadian yang kedua menggunakan past tense.      

Contoh :

·         they went on holiday after they had taken an exam

·         Before the police came, the thief had left

Conjunction : as soon as, after, before, when

3.  Apabila ada kejadian pertama sudah berlangsung beberapa saat pada durasi waktu tertentu ketika kejadian kedua terjadi, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past perfect continuous dan simple past.

Contoh:  

·         when I visited her yesterday, she had been studying for two hours

·         They had been playing futsal for an hour when we came

4. Apabila kejadian pertama berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past continuous dan simple past.

Contoh :  

·         I was watching TV while she knocked at the door

·         I was writing a letter when my mother called me

Conjunction : when, while, as

5.  Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara bersamaan maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past continuous dan past continuous.

Contoh:

·         my father was reading magazine while my mother was cooking

·         I was studying when my brother was sleeping

Sumber : http://masisan18.blogspot.com/2011/02/sequence-of-tense-konsep-dua-kejadian.html

Indirect Object

adalah noun, pronoun, atau noun substitute yang menerangkan untuk siapa atau apa sesuatu dilakukan oleh action verb. Objek ini menjawab pertanyaan “to/for whom” atau “to/for what”. Suatu kata kerja diikuti indirect object hanya jika memiliki direct object. Kedua objek tersebut selalu orang, tempat, benda, binatang, maupun hal yang berbeda.

Contoh :

·         The manager gave him no choice. –> Gave no choice to whom?

·         My uncle donated his salary to charity. –> Donated his salary to what? 

Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-direct-indirect-object

Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris 2

1.     Once a month, count brings the team to the beach (simple present).

2.     Ali is writting a letter right now  (present continous).

3.     Gio repaired the computer which is located in the living room (simple past).

4.     The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store (past continous).

5.     Many basketball players have trained that king of dribble style (future perfect).

6.     Otong and vicky had repared many cars before they received their mechanic license (past perfect).

7.     Chef ferrara will finish the dish by 05.00 p.m (simple future).

8.     Burger kill will be performing a son entitled “tiga titik hitam” on song the stage at 08.00 p.m (future continous).

9.     They will have completed the project before the deadline (future perfect).

10.  The load guitarst of flash god apocalypse smashedhis guitar in their last concert (simple present).

	AKTIVE	PASSIVE	AKTIVE	PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT	S + V (s/es) + O	S + to be + V3 + O	Andi helps Rina	Rina is helped by Andi
SIMPLE PAST	S + V2	S + was/were + V3	Andi helped  Rina	Rina was helped by Andi
SIMPLE FUTURE (will)	S + will/shall + V1	S + will/shall + be + V3	Andi will help Rina	Rina will be helped by Andi
PRESENT CONTINOUS	S + am/is/are + V-ing	S + am/is/are + being + V3	Andi is helping Rina	Rina is being helped by Andi
PAST CONTINOUS	S + was/were + V-ing	S + was/were + being + V3	Andi was helping Rina	Rina as being helped by Andi
FUTURE CONTINOUS	S + will/shall + be + V-ing	S + will/shall + be + being + V3	Andi will be helping Rina	Rina will be being helped by Andi
PRESENT PERFECT	S + have/has + been   + V-ing	S + have/has + been + being + V3	Andi has helped Rina	Rina has been helped by Andi
PAST PERFECT	S + had +V3	S + had + been + V3	Andi had helped Rina	Rina had been helped by Andi
FUTURE PERFECT	S + will + have +V-ing	S + will + have + been + being + V3	Andi will have   helped Rina	Rina will have been   helped by Andi

Exercises

Complete each sentence with one of these verbs :

1.      He tried to avoid answering my question.

2.      Could you please stop making so much noise?

3.      I enjoy listening to music. 

4.      I considered applying for the job but in the end I decided against it.

5.      Have you finished washing your hair yet? 

6.      If you walk into the road without looking, you risk to be knocked down.

7.      Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on working.

8.      I don’t mind you using the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.

9.      Hello! Fancy seeing you here! What a surprise! 

10.  I've put off writing the letter so many times. I really must do it today.

11.  What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody being so stupid?

12.  Sarah gave up trying to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.

Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first sentence. Use –ing.

1.       can do what I want and you can’t stop me. You can’t stop me doing what I want.   

2.       It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. It’s better to avoid driving in rush hours    

3.      Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? Shall we postpone going today untiltomorrow 

4.      The driver of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a licence. The driver of the car admitted saying that he didn’t have a licence. 

5.       Could you turn the radio down, please? Would you mind turning down the radio please?

6.      Please don’t interrupt me all the time. Would you mind stop interrupting me all the time.

Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.

1.      Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you 

2.      There was a lot of traffic but we managed to get to the airport in time.

3.      Jill has decided not to drive a car 

4.       We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t learnt to operate it yet

5.      I wonder where sue is. She promised not to be late.

6.      We were all to afraid to speak. Nobody dared to speak anything.

Put the verb into the correct form, to... or –ing. (See Unit 52 for verb + -ing.)

1.      When I’m tired, I enjoy watching television. It’s relaxing. (watch)

2.      It was a nice day , so we decided to go for a walk.(go) 

3.      it’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy going for a walk? (go)

4.      I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind to wait. (wait) 

5.      They don’t have much money. They cant afford going out very often. (go) 

6.      I wish that dog would stop barking its driving me mad. (bark)

7.      Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call) 

8.      We were hungry, so I suggested to have dinner early. (have)

9.      Hurry up ! I don’t want to risk missing the train. (miss)

 Im still lookingfor a job but I hope to find something soon. (find)

Adverb

An adverb is a word that changes or simplifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, other adverb, clause, or sentence.Adverbs typically answer questions such as how?, in what way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. This function is called the adverbial function, and is realised not just by single words (i.e., adverbs) but by adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses.

Adverb of Time

                Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often.

Ø  When                   : today, yesterday, later, now, last year

Ø  For how long    : all day, not long, for a while, since last year

Ø  How often          : sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly

Example :

          1. Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.

          2. I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

          3. I, together with my pals, already have eaten lunch. 

          4. She’ll prepare for the final test from now to the next saturday.

          5. I paid a call my friend in the hospital last week.

Adverb of Place

                Adverbs of place indicate where something happens.

Thes  include; abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs etc.

Example:

        1. The child went indoors. 

        2. He lived and worked abroad. 

        3. The ceremony was being held outdoors.

        4. Chris is going to work overseas.

        5. The road twists uphill.

Adverb of Manner

Some adverbs tell us how an action is or should be performed.

Ø  Often these adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the end of an adjective.

Ø  Adjectives ending -l add -ly ; careful-carefully.

Ø  Adjectives ending -y change to -ily ; lucky-luckily

Ø  Adjectives ending -ble change to -bly ; responsible-responsibly

Example :           

        1. The little girl ran quickly. In this sentence quickly modifies the verb ran (to run).

        2. The rich woman learned from experts how to arrange flowers beautifully.

        3. Students have to walk calmly in the school.

        4.Please read the instructions carefully before you filling the form.

        5. He wanted to know the difference between working hard and working smart.

Adverb of Frequency

                Adverbs of frequency tell us how often something is done.

Adverbs of frequency include; always, constantly, continually, frequently, infrequently, intermittently, normally, occasionally, often, periodically, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes etc.

Example :

            1. I always do my homework on time. - In this sentence always shows us the frequency (how often) I do my homework on time.

            2. She goes out occasionally. - In this sentence occasionally shows us the frequency (how often) she goes out.

            3. I always update the calendar at the beginning of the month.

           4. Poetria often takes notes during the Skype sessions.

           5. I usually have to get up early to walk Laika.